LOBODA N.S., ROZVOD M.R. ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN THE CHARACTER OF VERTICAL ZONATION OF RIVER RUNOFF IN THE MOUNTAINOUS DNIESTER AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2025.3.2
Hydrology, Hydrochemistry and Hydroecology. 2025. № 3(77)
Publication language: Ukrainian
Authors:
Loboda N.S., Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University
Rozvod M.R., Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University
The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to monitor the impact of climate change on the formation of water resources in the Dniester River. The aim of the work is to determine the changes in the nature of the vertical zonation of the annual runoff of the Mountainous Dniester at the beginning of the XXI century. The work uses data on annual runoff and meteorological characteristics for the period 1945-2021. The main research methods used are the method of difference integral curves, the method of linear pair regression, and the method of water-heat balance, which is a component of the climate-runoff model. Based on hydrological observations, the average runoff values were calculated for the water cycles of 1945-1980 (baseline), 1981-2010 (the beginning of significant changes in air temperature) and for the dry phase that began in 2011. Regression dependencies of the distribution of average runoff values by terrain elevation were obtained. A comparative analysis was performed with the normative dependence of the type given in SNIP 2.01.14-83. It was shown that such tributaries of the Dniester as Strvyazh, Vereshchytsia, and Shcherek belong to a different hydrological region. After their exclusion, it was found that the distribution of runoff characteristics by elevation for both calculation periods (1945-1980) and (1981-2010) is well consistent with the normative one. A statistically significant decrease in the average values of annual runoff was found in the current dry phase of its fluctuations (2011-2021): the average value of relative deviations is negative 16.7%. The results of calculations of average runoff values based on meteorological data, performed using the water-heat balance equation, also showed a significant decrease in water resources by an average of 26.2%. The uneven response of the catchment areas of the mountainous part of the Dniester to climate change in different catchment areas is due to the influence of local factors such as slope orientation, small catchment areas, forest cover, and others. The ratio between meltwater and rainwater runoff in the formation of the total runoff volume from catchment areas plays a significant role, since it is in catchment areas with predominantly snowmelt that warming in the winter season can lead to significant losses of runoff. The results obtained are part of the monitoring of the impact of climate change on the formation of water resources in the Dniester.
Key words: mountainous part of the Dniester; vertical zonality of hydrometeorological characteristics distribution; climate change; water resources changes.
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HOW TO CITE
Loboda, N.S., Rozvod, M.R. (2025). Assessment of changes in the character of vertical zonation of river runoff in the Mountainous Dniester at the beginning of the 21st Century. Hidrolohiia, hidrokhimiia i hidroekolohiia [Hydrology, Hydrochemistry and Hydroecology], 3(77), 19-31. (in Ukrainian, abstr. in English). https://doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2025.3.2